Thank you to the Joseph Campbell Foundation for publishing my book, The Practice of Enchantment: MythBlast Essays, 2020-2024. This book is a collection of essays inspired by the work of Joseph Campbell. I love to write about how myth enlivens and maybe even enchants everyday life, and that’s what I had a chance to do in this book.
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About Joanna
Joanna Gardner, PhD is a writer, mythologist, and magical realist whose focus areas include myth, creativity, wonder tales, and goddesses. Joanna serves as adjunct professor in Pacifica Graduate Institute’s Mythological Studies program, and as director of marketing and communications for the Joseph Campbell Foundation, where she also contributes to the popular MythBlast essay series.
This post has been rated DO NOT READ if you have not seen seasons 1-4 of Stranger Things. If that’s the case, Fire Angel Baby urges you to hasten over to Netflix and let the binge begin.
Contents
You can read this post straight through or jump ahead to any section.
I’ll say it right here: the Netflix series Stranger Things creates a goddess mythology centered on the sacred feminine.
I won’t dwell on the show’s images from Greek myth (Steve Harrington’s liver pecked like Prometheus, Victor Creel blinding himself like Oedipus, Eddie Munson’s Orpheus moment playing a guitar solo in the Upside Down).
Nor will I examine religious allusions such as One/Henry/Vecna as the beautiful first son who is cast down into the hell of the Upside Down which only increases his power—no! I’m not going to talk about any of that.
Instead, let’s talk about how Stranger Things works as a myth in its own right, one that honors the feminine divine.
When I first started watching Stranger Things, I felt dismay at the female characters. They seemed weak and whiny, devalued and dismissed by their male companions. Here we go, I thought, another show by men about men for men, where women function as narrative props.
Gradually, however, I realized something else was going on. These female characters wore normal clothes that fully covered their bodies. They spent little time styling their hair, didn’t use much make-up, and navigated age-appropriate feelings and experiences around sexuality. They seemed like real, complex people with minds, hearts, and bodies of their own, and some of the men in their lives were honestly trying to figure out how to create relationships with them. In other words, this was the opposite of sexist objectification.
Not only that, Joyce’s son had gone missing. Barb was taken by the demogorgon. Nancy lost her best friend. El was traumatized, cold, alone, unhoused, and so socially malformed that she could barely speak. Stranger Things was spotlighting women dealing with extremely difficult situations imposed on them by outside forces.
What’s more, the problems these characters faced all arose, one way or another, from patriarchal systems of oppression. And male characters who treated women as lesser beings—Papa, Billy, the jerks at the newspaper office—were portrayed as some combination of wounded, evil, and tragic. Stranger Things was showing the impact of patriarchy on women.
But there was another layer at play, too. Many of these normal-looking female characters had more-than-normal traits, which clearly signaled the presence of divinity. That means Stranger Things offers an opportunity to apply the Gardner Goddess Quiz for uncovering the sacred feminine. Here’s how some characters score on the quiz, with a score of one indicating no goddess attributes at all, and six meaning gigawatt goddess energies.
Speaking about Mrs. Sinclair, Mr. Sinclair tells his son Lucas, “She’s never wrong, son,” in an elegant moment of fathering his child, husbanding his partner, and honoring the feminine divine, who is, of course, never wrong. Mrs. Sinclair’s goddess score: 2.
Max Mayfield possesses the powers of beating the boys at video games, riding skateboards, and driving sports cars without a license, and she ventures willingly into Vecna’s mental hellscape to distract the monster so her friends can mount their attack. Max’s goddess score: 3.
Joyce Byers refuses to be ignored, denied, or gaslit, and instead trusts her own truth no matter what anyone else thinks. Plus, her maternal commitment to saving Will is elemental. Joyce’s goddess score: 3.
Then there’s Suzie, the genius who meets Dustin at science camp. When Dustin tells the group about how supernaturally brilliant and beautiful Suzie is, they doubt she actually exists—much the way people doubt that goddesses exist.
Suzie, however, like goddess energies, does indeed exist, and she responds to Dustin’s call right when the world needs her most. The Russians are about to open a gate to the Upside Down. Hopper and Joyce need Planck’s constant to access the Russian control room, so Dustin calls Suzie on the ham radio. Of course she knows Planck’s constant; the goddess knows the workings of the universe. But before she divulges this information, she requires an offering of music from her supplicant, Dustin. More about that scene in a minute. Suzie’s goddess score: 5.
But the most powerful goddess in Stranger Things is, obviously, El. El moves objects with her mind. She psychically travels into the minds of others. She brings Max back from the dead, much like other deities of whom you may have heard. And “El” is an ancient word that means “god” or “deity.”
She also needs a bath of salt water at body temperature for her powers to work at peak efficiency. In other words, she needs a womb-like tank of amniotic fluid. Her divinity derives from a maternal influence.
“You’re bigger than Madonna to them,” Dr. Owens tells El when scientists gape at her in wonderment. The double meaning here suggests that El is bigger than the Madonna, the Virgin Mary. He continues in this religious language: “They believe in the cause. They believe in you.”
Henry/One also tells El he believes in her, and then, when El is about to die inside Vecna’s mind, crucified over a stained-glass window of a rose (to drive home the imagery of the sacred feminine), Mike calls to her from the everyday world.
“El, El, El,” his voice echoes across the dimensions as he addresses the deity. “I love you! I love you!… You can do anything! You can fly, you can move mountains, I believe that, I really do!” This is more than a boyfriend’s encouragement. This is a prayer to a goddess, and it’s a beautiful image of how prayer works within the psyche, summoning and activating otherwise inaccessible powers.
But El is traumatized. The patriarchy, in the form of the towering psychopath Dr. Brenner, took her from her mother. Held El captive. Experimented on her. Conditioned her to obey and to call Dr. Brenner “Papa”—a cute little nickname for pa-pa-pa-patriarchy.
As his name suggests, everything Papa is, says, and does represents the patriarchy. When Papa electroshocks El’s mother Terry, the patriarchy silences the great mother. When Papa imprisons El, the patriarchy locks up the feminine divine. When Papa tells her he knows what’s best for her, the patriarchy is trying to train goddess energies to submit, behave, and question their own instincts and wisdom.
The patriarchy is the sum of all the social structures that keep women subordinate to men. But those structures also make it difficult for men to relate to anyone except other men, including children, women, and those who don’t fit patriarch-prescribed gender norms and sexuality.
Think of Lonnie, the absent father of Will and Jonathan. Ted, the oblivious father of Mike and Nancy. Max’s step-dad, a brute of an abuser. These fathers are too conditioned by the system that wounds women—and everyone else—to let them to be present for anyone else.
In Stranger Things, monsters take many forms: demogorgon, demo-dogs, demo-bats, a massive spider-shaped shadow monster, a gleefully gory giant spider made of goo, the evil wizard Vecna, Papa, governmental systems of control. Many kinds of monster means many metaphors for the challenges of life.
And these forces of evil have some interesting messages. Zombies and the giant goo spider stomping around the mall speak of the mindless, destructive aspects of capitalism. Vecna muses, not inaccurately, about the toxic nature of human civilization. Papa says to El, “You speak of monsters, superheroes. That’s the stuff of myth and fairy tales. Reality, truth, is rarely so simple. People are not so easily defined. Only by facing all of ourselves, the good and the bad, can we become whole.”
Papa’s words sound reasonable, but they can also slide all too quickly into moral relativism. To deny the existence of monsters and heroes could also deny the monstrous and the heroic. The monstrous and heroic exist in fiction because the monstrous and heroic exist in life. And despite Papa’s words, he is a monster: a narcissist drunk on power who wants to imprison the feminine divine.
The word “monster” comes from roots that mean “one who warns.” Some of the warnings Stranger Things monsters deliver: There are scary things in the world and in our minds. Sometimes fear can gain the upper hand. But not always.
No goddess mythology is complete without at least one underworld journey, and Stranger Things has many. Most of them happen in the Upside Down.
The Upside Down is a shadow-realm below the everyday world. It’s an alternate dimension and a mirror image of the reality we know. Both worlds contain the same objects—roads, buildings, bikes—but the Upside Down is stuck in a decaying version of the past. There’s no sunlight or water. There are monsters, however, and slimy, twining vines that choke the life out of anyone they capture. Pale flakes float in the air like glowing nuclear ash.
Humans can visit this realm, but they can’t live there. Not for long. Sometimes, like Will, they get stuck there, like getting stuck in anxiety or depression.
The Upside Down holds power and fear. It’s a place where uncomfortable feelings and memories live, such as shame, guilt, and trauma. Like the subconscious, it’s a place to confront the forces that hold you back. It’s also similar to what Carl Jung called the collective unconscious, because it affects everyone, and everyone can visit it. It’s personal and collective, both at once.
Will’s abduction into the Upside Down is another metaphor of the damage the patriarchy inflicts on those who don’t conform to its rules—people such as sensitive, creative, young gay men. No, patriarchy says, you can’t be who you are or we will hurt you. Then terror sends the soul tumbling into the depths where it suffers despair, paralysis, cold, creative starvation, and loneliness. That kind of soul needs the help of friends and goddess energies to make the return trip.
Which brings us to Sheriff Jim Hopper. Hopper wants to be a father to El and a lover to Joyce, but his stumbling attempts to connect show how difficult the patriarchy makes relationships for men.
In many ways, Hopper reminds me of my dad in the 80s. The functional, unlovely work clothes. The ramming around town in a lunky truck that smells like sweat, motor oil, and fast-food wrappers. Collapsing in front of the television every night after work. The default air of simmering frustration which sometimes boils over in an angry outburst.
Hopper, however, goes to war against the patriarchy. First, he commits the heretical act of believing Joyce, when the system wants her silenced. Then he fights monsters and Russians alongside the rest of the group, until the fateful explosion of the Russian machine.
That’s when it seems like the patriarchy won.
After Hopper disappears, everyone believes he’s dead. They hold a funeral.
But actually the Russians have taken him, injured but alive, to the living hell (another underworld) of a Siberian work prison, where he suffers horribly and must die to (let go of) almost everything about his former self: name, occupation, language, hair, weight. The only thing he holds onto is his love for El and Joyce. That’s enough to keep his soul alive and enable his rebirth, newly able to love and be loved, having shed the patriarchal conditioning that held him back.
Even though my dad didn’t do any of that, Hopper’s transformation lets me imagine Dad shedding his anger, his defenses. Opening up to the family he worked so hard to support. Relaxing, laughing, talking things over. I can’t change the past, but I can change my imaginings about the past, which can change my feelings about it. Hopper helps that happen.
Stranger Things lets me relive the 80s in many ways—Trapper Keepers, Lite Brite, riding around in the way-back of a station wagon—but this time in the company of goddesses and lovable, monster-fighting nerds who, after a little initial skepticism, never question when someone says they saw a demogorgon or an evil spider wizard.
The patriarchy thrives on doubting, devaluing, and dismissing people who don’t fit the system until those people learn to doubt, devalue and dismiss themselves. That’s how the system keeps going.
But in Stranger Things, our band of intrepids believe each other and believe in each other. They forgive each other’s trespasses, and are never really happy until they’re reunited.
This goddess-powered version of the decade makes my memories feel more real, more valid, more handle-able. It helps me accept and appreciate things about my youth that I used to reject and deny—and we all know how well that works.
One of my favorite aspects of this 80s replay is how Stranger Things turns the decade’s music into something sacred. Peter Gabriel’s “Heroes” captures the pathos of saying yes to the adventure and failing. “You Don’t Mess Around with Jim” becomes Hopper’s personal anthem of triumph and tragedy. “Runnin’ Up That Hill” holds so much of Max’s vast courage and sorrow that it opens a portal from Vecna’s mental hell for her to return to the world of love and friendship.
And then there’s the soundtrack to The Never-Ending Story, which Suzie requires Dustin to sing over the walkie-talkie before she’ll share Planck’s constant.
Turn around, Dustin sings, haltingly at first, as the rest of the party does in fact turn—Murray in the boiler room of the Russian base, Hopper at the control room door, Robin and Steve in the back of the station wagon as it speeds away from the thundering goo monster. Look at what you see-ee-ee-ee… in her face, the mirror of your drea-ea-ea-eams—et voilà, the goddess is summoned.
Make believe I’m everywhere, Suzie joins in, because when you sing to a goddess, she’ll sing along with you—given in the light—and she’ll remind you where and how to find her.
The two of them continue their duet, so hauntingly true that everyone else experiences that shared beauty as well, as the fate of the world hangs in the balance.
Even smart-aleck Erica is transfixed, sitting on the hilltop with Dustin in the light of a full moon—a highly appropriate place to sing a hymn to a goddess.
There are stories in my life I return to again and again, stories I revel in. Stranger Things has joined that list. This fascination must mean the show has things to teach me, that it functions with the force of myth in my psyche.
In case it isn’t already clear, I no longer feel dismay at the characters in Stranger Things. Now it’s more like charm and delight. And I wonder, is this how the Greeks felt about their pantheon? Did they adore their goddesses and gods? Did people sit around re-telling those tales simply for the joy of returning to the company of their favorite characters?
I’ve heard some viewers object to the show’s scary, violent scenes, and I get it. Those scenes are hard to watch. But patriarchy is scary and violent. Patriarchy spawns monsters, devours lives, silences more than it supports. Stranger Things shows that reality metaphorically in order to say things don’t have to be that way. We can fight back. We can call on goddess energies. We can change.
By presenting a cast of characters with a range of powers, the show also says, “You have powers, too. How will you use them? How will you team up? Given the horrors of life, how will you not be a stranger?” Then it answers:
Believe each other. Believe in each other. Fight those monsters together.
Some religious traditions imagine divinity as male, rejecting all goddess figures.
In my experience, this approach overvalues traditionally masculine traits and undervalues those that have traditionally been seen as feminine. It also results in some nasty internalized misogyny on the part of all genders. To reject the feminine divine is to reject important parts of everyone’s souls.
But goddess energies don’t go away just because the patriarchy wants them to. Goddesses still appear in movies, shows, and other media, but disguised in forms other than literal deities. These hidden goddesses function as metaphors for actual goddesses, who in turn function as metaphors for the sacred nature of the universe.
To spot these goddess dynamics in the wild, it helps to have a few guidelines.
With gratitude to Alison Bechdel
I’m following in the footsteps of the Bechdel Test here. In 1985, the cartoonist Alison Bechdel proposed three questions about a film or show or comic book to determine its level of gender representation:
Are there two or more women? If yes, then:
Do they ever speak to each other? If yes, then:
Do they discuss something other than a man? If yes, then the work in question has achieved a bare minimum, baseline level of representation.
That’s it. That’s the whole Bechdel Test. If the answer to any of these questions is no, then the work has failed to reach anything resembling gender equality.
The Gardner Goddess Quiz
The Bechdel Test, useful though it is, doesn’t indicate whether media achieves goddess representation. In other words, does a given character portray the sacred feminine, and if so, how strongly?
So here’s a similar test for goddesses. These are the questions I ask to determine the presence or absence of the feminine divine:
Is the character a girl/woman or girlish/womanly—including cis, trans, and gender-fluid people? If yes, continue. If no, they might represent divinity, but probably not the sacred feminine.
Is this character royalty or of noble or unusual parentage? For example, queens, princesses, heiresses.
Is this character inherently exceptional in any way, such as extreme beauty, ugliness, tallness, shortness, or anything else? In other words, was this character born special?
Does the character possess an unusual skill, talent, or power? From an invisible jet to a magic wand to the ability to prophesy, has this character gained special attributes since they were born?
Does the character’s name or title contain any words that refer to divinity or high status? Examples: godmother, Venus, Princess Diana.
Does the character have other traits or possessions in common with any traditional deities? Think of Aphrodite’s magic wrap, Durga’s tiger, Hestia’s sacred hearth and flame.
To score the quiz, every yes equals one point. The more points a character gets, the more they embody the feminine divine.
One point means the sacred feminine is absent, and we are in the realm of the mundane. Two to five points means mighty metaphors are at play. Six points means buckle up for some serious goddess hijinks.
Why goddess equality?
Why spend time and energy watching for hidden goddesses?
For so many reasons.
To bring them out into the open. To counteract the internalized misogyny that keeps everyone cut off from their full selves. To celebrate sacred goddess energies, which include fertility, childbirth, love, death, war, hunting, healing, animals, and many other cosmic forces. To gain more access to those energies in my life, and hopefully make it easier for others to do the same.
Laura Lewis-Barr’s 8-minute film “Dumpling” tells the story of a woman named Haha who has a gift for cooking. At the beginning of the movie, we know two things about Haha: her family calls her Haha because she used to laugh so much, and she loves to cook dumplings.
But when the film begins, Haha isn’t laughing anymore. Instead, she spends her dwindling energy and resources making dumplings for an insatiable throng of visitors. In other words, she uses her creative skills for the nourishment of others, not herself. She wears herself out so others can eat, and she never asks for anything in return. She doesn’t even feed herself. In this state of hunger and exhaustion, Haha is barely surviving in body or soul. She is merely subsisting in a state of burnout.
Haha’s metaphors
The spare quality of the story in “Dumpling” spotlights the psychological metaphors at play. We don’t know much about Haha at the beginning, but we know laughter, cooking, and dumplings are very important to her. Each of these images suggests a deep well of meaning.
Laughing, for example, is a spontaneous, physical release of delight. Haha’s ability to laugh represents her connection with her bodily self, her authentic spontaneity, her innate capacity for joy.
Similarly, cooking is a metaphor for the alchemical art of turning raw, indigestible ingredients into an experience of delicious nourishment. Psychologically, cooking represents the work of turning raw traits and talents into an integrated, balanced personality. This work takes time, care, practice, and patience.
Cooking can also be an art form, a means of creative expression, and Haha’s dumplings are her creative products. They are the physical manifestations of her innate talent and skill, honed by the time she spent practicing her craft. Haha’s dumplings are indeed special: they’re “almost perfect,” the film tells us. But feeding her dumplings to visitors with no reciprocal exchange of energy means Haha has bargained away her creativity, perhaps in the hopes of approval or acceptance.
The first perfect dumpling
One day when Haha is nearly at the end of her resources, she takes the decisive action of locking her door to keep the visitors at bay. She has tended to a personal need at last; she has established a boundary.
Then, hungry and alone in her kitchen-studio, cooking the last of her rice—the last of her energy, her last art supplies—Haha makes the best dumpling of her entire career. The film calls this dumpling “sublime” and “perfect” and sure enough, this is no normal dumpling. First it manages to make sad Haha smile again. Then, of its own volition, the dumpling slides off Haha’s plate and leads her out of her home and into the underworld. In psychological terms, it leads into the depths of Haha’s soul.
A perfect dumpling with a mind of its own? There’s no such thing as a perfect dumpling, any more than there’s such a thing as a perfect person. And this dumpling is alive! Haha’s sublime dumpling draws attention to itself as a metaphor, representing at least three things: the sacredness and vitality of Haha’s creativity, the existence of her innermost soul, and her psychological tendency toward perfectionism. Haha must sense how important this dumpling is, because she follows it without hesitation. Out the door she goes and down into the underworld. Her creativity and soul are running away, and she must chase the dumpling to save them.
Entering the underworld
So down Haha plunges into the gray, colorness underworld, which is, almost by definition, no fun. I cannot stress this enough: the underworld is no fun. When you enter the underworld, you can count on things getting worse before they get better, and there’s no guarantee that will happen at all.
The image of the underworld is shorthand for the innermost reaches of the psyche where we store everything we can’t deal with right now: fear, anxiety, power, desire, and guilt. We push them so far away from our conscious awareness that we don’t even know about them anymore. An underworld journey is a harrowing way to visit these cast-off parts of the soul, to learn about them, hopefully without judgment, and to choose which to bring to the surface and which to transform into something else. Often it takes misery to force a confrontation with these issues. Suffering is a powerful motivator for change.
But remember the underworld stores more than psychological hang-ups. It also holds, like a bank account, the soul’s gifts and powers that we deny or repress in an attempt to gain approval and acceptance.
Underworld wisdom
What does Haha find on her underworld journey? First, she meets with three Buddhist sages, her inner wisdom-keepers, each of whom tells her a joke. Her innate wisdom is trying to communicate with her. Her impulse toward enlightenment—which is nothing if not a way of light-ening up—is trying to get her to laugh again, but she can’t. Not yet. She’s still too hungry, tired, and sad that her perfect dumpling—her soul, her creativity—is lost.
The first two sages also give her warnings: everyone is hungry in the underworld, and not everyone is a comedian, meaning that not everyone is enlightened. But Haha ignores the warnings of her own intuition.
Sure enough, at the third sage, Haha meets a man.
“Don’t hurt her!” the sage shouts to the man.
“Where’s my dumpling?” Haha demands.
Things get worse before they get better
This man, it turns out, ate Haha’s dumpling!
She ought to be angry with him, or at least tell him how she feels. Instead, she succumbs to his flattery about her cooking abilities and allows him to seduce her into cooking for him. Despite the third sage urgently shaking his head no, Haha sails with the man across a body of water and starts cooking for him. But the man turns out to be the king of the demons. He demands that she cook dumplings for his demon-followers around the clock.
The Demon King harnesses Haha’s energies for himself and his ghouls. Now she is caught on an even more draining hamster wheel, trying to keep up with the insatiable hungers of her personal demons in the underworld. Her conditioned pattern for pleasing others at the expense of herself takes on a manic quality, until at last the day comes when Haha makes another perfect dumpling. This second perfect dumpling, like the first, makes a break for it.
Haha knows she must escape the demon lair to catch this dumpling, so she drugs the demons and runs. In other words, she uses her cunning to outwit the complexes that hold her soul hostage. But the demons wake up and chase her. Psychological patterns do not give up easily.
Returning to life
As Haha sails back across the water, the Demon King drinks it all, stranding her little boat in the muck as the demon mob approaches. Haha jumps out of her boat, backs away from them, then slips and falls flat on her back in the mud with all the flopping fish. She has hit bottom: the lowest, muddiest part of the underworld itself. She has nothing left: no dumpling, no boat, no hope. And that’s when the magic happens: Haha bursts out laughing at herself. Silliness replaces seriousness, levity replaces heaviness. She lightens up, in a moment of muddy grace.
And laughter, it turns out, is contagious. The Demon King can’t help laughing too, which forces him to regurgitate the water he drank, enabling Haha to zip away in her boat back up through an underworld now rich with color. Haha arrives home still laughing, and the story ends with another knock at her door.
Who is on the other side? Maybe the Demon King followed her up. Maybe it’s the visitors who ate her out of house and home. But maybe it’s someone else completely. Maybe someone or something new has arrived, and Haha will be able to relate with this new aspect of her psyche in a conscious, creative, mutually beneficial way.
What Haha learns in the underworld
Haha has been to a metaphorical underworld and back. The beings who populate her underworld are metaphors for the energies of her soul. The thing is, these soul energies are not static. They can change, and we can influence those changes. That’s the name of the game: reclaiming energy from demons such as fear, guilt, anger, perfectionism, and people-pleasing, and assigning that energy to more useful activities, like self-care, creativity, and delight.
Haha’s two perfect dumplings are gifts of the soul that help her recover her soul. One of them leads her into the underworld, where she confronts her own personal demons, and the other leads her out again, with new wisdom and powers. It’s interesting that the second dumpling disappears from the story. Perhaps this indicates that Haha has released her perfectionism and reclaimed her creativity back into herself, away from the external world’s demands. Her burnout is on the mend. She can laugh again and care for herself, which will give her a strong foundation for sharing her gifts with others in a sustainable, reciprocal way.
In Gabrielle Basha’s MythBlast about Ted Lasso, Gaby wonders why she cries over a show about soccer. It’s an excellent question. I cry too. One reason, I think, has to do with how the series pulls the throne out from under the patriarchy, instead elevating a pantheon of mythic figures from mythology. And not just any pantheon. Ted Lasso’s emotional impact comes from combining the present-day world of English football with ancient patterns from Greek myth.
The Lay of the Mythic Land
Ted Lasso’s script plants clue after clue suggesting we interpret the show a) mythologically, and b) through Greek goggles. For example, one of the players says, seemingly out of nowhere, “Hey, do you like mythology?” In another episode Ted says, “Like the man says, you gotta follow your bliss” – the man clearly being the mythologist Joseph Campbell. And Greece keeps popping up in the dialogue:
~ “You can’t get a table at something called A Taste of Athens?” ~ “Where are we going?” “How about Greece?” ~ “Am I really about to eat something called Greek yogurt?” (ie Greek culture) ~ “And you leaving would be a betrayal on a level usually reserved for Greek mythology?”
Funny how these apparently throw-away lines are framed as questions. It’s as if the writers are saying, “Well? Do you see what we’re doing here?” Yes, writers, we do!
So ok. Ted Lasso and Greek myth, got it. But what divinities are we talking about? Well, the show’s Greek gods and goddesses build on core archetypes like Sovereign, Lover, Warrior, and Magician. In Greek terms, our Sovereign is Hera, queen of the gods. The Lover is Aphrodite, goddess of love. The Warrior is Ares, god of war. And the Magician is Hermes, the divine messenger and guide of souls — the cunning god of communication and change, tricks and transformation. But they all have different names in the Lasso universe.
When the show begins, Hera, who the show calls Rebecca, has taken the radical step of liberating herself from a miserable marriage to philandering Zeus, here named Rupert, who still can’t stop chasing nymphs. But Rebecca, like Hera, remains trapped in her own personal prison of jealousy and revenge.
Meanwhile the goddess of love, Aphrodite, or Keeley in the show, is stuck in compulsive, youth-obsessed sexuality and her failed attempts to achieve fame. The god of war Ares, or Roy, is facing a wasteland of middle age as he keeps on fighting merely to fight, seemingly out of nothing but habit and resignation.
Keeley (Aphrodite the Lover)
Roy (Ares the Warrior)
Into this situation bursts Hermes, the trickster-messenger-magician god in the form of Ted himself, who believes wholeheartedly in the magic of everyone he meets even though no one believes in him — or in anything else.
Ted Lasso (Hermes the Magician)
Goddesses Will Be Goddesses
One of the main goddesses is Keeley-Aphrodite, the ebulliently sexual influencer who electrifies the locker room whenever she pops in for a quick epiphany.
Like many of her ancestor goddesses, Keeley’s totem is feline: she wears a lion costume (after a long conversation about lion powers), and the ceramic pink cheetah in her office named Trixibelle simultaneously guards and reveals Keeley’s true nature.
Trixibelle and Roy (Ares)
Joyfully raunchy at every opportunity, Keeley-Aphrodite consorts with the pretty boy Jamie Tartt (a beautiful young Adonis who must die to his own ego), until she gets past her own arrested development and finds her soul’s true partner in Roy-Ares. Eventually she even steps into her own Sovereign nature as the CEO of her own company.
But the primary goddess is Rebecca-Hera, the regal but embittered divorcée.
All Hail Queen Rebecca
In Greek myth, Hera is the queen of the gods. But these myths, written at least in part for the training and conditioning of women, portray Hera as a jealous, vengeful, humiliated wife, helpless to do anything about Zeus’s continual dallying with nymphs and mortals.
Similarly, Rebecca’s ex-husband Rupert is a filthy rich socialite who continually dates nymph-like mortals. Evidently immune to consequences, Rupert stands in not only for Zeus but for the whole idea of a single male god who rules over all. And Rebecca says Enough. In the divorce settlement, she receives the football/soccer club, and under her leadership, a new era begins. Just as Hera is the queen of the gods, Rebecca becomes queen of the team.
Hera, I mean Rebecca
The first time Ted meets Rebecca, he brings her homemade cookies/biscuits (ambrosia) which he places on her desk (altar). This becomes his daily ritual. Rebecca accepts his offerings reluctantly at first, but soon she requires that divine sustenance delivered to her Olympian office shrine, which sits high above the earthy pitch. Occasionally she shouts down to the field from on high in her booming voice, and sometimes even descends to the locker room in stunning stilettos and a cloud of perfumed glory.
So while Rupert’s time is waning in the universe of the Richmond football club, the future belongs to Rebecca, whose supernatural wealth, beauty, and presence command attention in any room. At a press conference a journalist challenges her, and she cows him with her ruthless logic and a withering glance from her dizzying height. When she shows Nate and Keeley how to be assertive, they gape at her dazzlement in stunned silence. When Rebecca buys drinks for the whole pub and when she takes the karaoke stage, the mere mortals around her can’t help but whoop with joy in the orbit of her bounty.
In one of Ted’s lowest moments, when he has a panic attack in a shadowy alley, who appears at his side as if summoned? Rebecca. The Goddess. She knows when he needs her and she materializes. She holds him as he finds his way back. Her hands anchor him and her voice guides him.
A New Goddess Attitude
In the first minutes of the first episode of Ted Lasso, Rebecca kicks misogyny to the curb in the form of the previous coach. In another episode, Ted says, “If God had wanted games to end in a tie, She would not have invented numbers.” Another time we learn that Rebecca’s assistant Leslie Higgins is named after his mother. This makes him a “feminine junior,” to which Ted responds, “Cool.” Coach Beard reads The Da Vinci Code and coyly comments that he can’t put it down. God characters elevate goddess characters, wholeheartedly and at just the right moments. Goddesses adore all this. Ted Lasso and Greek myth make mortals who sense themselves to be made in the image of goddesses (so to speak) feel like they don’t have to fight just to exist.
Nor do Rebecca and Keeley play out the tired old madonna-whore complex we’ve been suffocating under for centuries. Rebecca and Keeley ace the Bechdel test with extra credit through the radical act of adoring each other. They hang out together, laugh together, help each other. They gracefully receive each other’s honesty, with no offense taken or intended.
Keeley grins at Rebecca
The Changing of the Gods
One one level, the whole team are warriors for the goddess, but individual deities do emerge from the pack of players. Dani Rojas is Eros, the life force who bursts onto the field fueled by pure passion, leaping into the arms of other players, wrapping his legs around them and shouting, “Futbol is life!!!” Jamie Tartt is Adonis, as already mentioned, and Dionysus appears in every bottle of champagne, glass of wine, whiskey highball, and pint of ale.
But one of the most important gods in the show is Ares in the form of Roy — legendary player/warrior, besotted soulmate of Keeley-Aphrodite. At the beginning of the show, Roy’s passion is twisted up in a knot of anger, but he learns to channel that pent up power. Doing battle with his own unhelpful patterns, he first moves past jealousy, then he obeys Keeley (which drives her wild with desire), gives her the space she needs, and sees and honors her success on her own terms, apart from her relationship with him. Eventually he even embraces his arch-enemy Jamie-Adonis. Roy becomes a warrior of the heart.
But how does all this transformation happen? Because a Magician arrives in the form of Ted Lasso, who plays a modern day Hermes.
Guide of Soccer Souls
As this blog has discussed before, Hermes is the messenger of the gods, carrying divine communications between upper realms and lower, and he’s really fast in his magic winged sandals. The talkative god of travel and trickery, he serves as the guide of souls. He occupies the in-between, thresholds of all kinds, the neither-here-nor-there. He’s one of the gymnastikoi, or gods of the gymnasium.
Ted in his comfort zone on the threshold of a bus
Ted Lasso, likewise, flies from America to England, really fast and high over the ocean, to take a job as a coach for a sport he knows nothing about. A perpetual traveler, he makes himself at home in England without actually having a home there. He wears conspicuously bright sneakers as he sprints around the pitch ahead of the other players, and as he bounds up into the stands during a game to carry a message to Rebecca. He moves easily between the upper realm of Rebecca’s office, the surface world of the pitch, and the underworld of the locker room, where he even leads an exorcism of old ghosts, sending them back to the underworld where they belong. Funny, talkative, and weirdly charming, Hermes-Ted sees everything that happens, at and below the surface.
Most of all, Ted takes a trickster’s approach to coaching, which is to say, an indirect approach. His first step is to throw a surprise birthday party for the homesick Nigerian player Sam. Then Ted fixes the team’s showers, which had been dribbling like they needed a prostate exam (according to him), thereby restoring virility and strength to the locker room. He leaves gifts of books in the lockers personally chosen for each player. At a clutch moment, he benches his star player. His trickery keeps everyone guessing, always. You never know what he might do next, so you have to stay alert.
The Messenger is the Message
Ted’s full name is Theodore, from the Greek (of course) and it means divine gift. And he does give gifts. Parties, books, biscuits, belief — he distributes treasure of many kinds when the people around him need it most.
In a true Hermes move, Ted fools everyone into thinking he’s an idiot — vapid, ridiculous, empty — but what he’s really empty of is ego. And that’s the kind of emptiness that’s big enough to hold all the other characters in its embrace. That’s how he works his magic of guiding souls toward their best selves.
Ted also take nothing personally. He knows that people aren’t terrible, they just do terrible things. He sees their inner shine before they do. His job is to help them get out of their own way so they can beam at peak wattage. To do that, he stays on the sidelines working his indirect magic.
He focuses the team on winning at life, being their best selves on and off the field. He helps them find their strength, feel supported, support others, and step outside their petty, gnarled little egos. Gradually at first, and often falling right back into ego, they begin to do their joyful work. And it turns out that winning at life helps win at the game which helps win at life.
Ted Lasso also demonstrates how to honor the Goddess. In fact, Ted’s default is to treat pretty much everyone like they’re as sacred as the Goddess. Then they remember that they are sacred. And then they change. The show isn’t even about Ted as much as it is about how everyone else changes in response to him.
The daily offering of ambrosia
When Ted first arrives at the pitch, he crouches down and reverently touches the grass. The pitch is the temple of the sacred game, where devotees experience the divine. They feel wonder, amazement, awe, and all the emotions that accompany trying, failing, winning, losing. Ted Lasso and Greek myth together illustrate that play is sacred, and that the sacred can be playful. If the pitch stands in for the field of life, then the point is to enter the temple and play.
Messing Up Better
Ted’s job title is coach, which is interesting in light of the popularity of personal coaching. It’s like we hunger for our own soul guides. But still, why does Ted Lasso make us cry?
During halftime, when Ted tells the team, “Fellas, we’re broken — we need to change,” he is speaking for himself, for the players, for the team as a whole. He’s also speaking for many, many other men, and speaking to the world on behalf of men. Ted is nothing if not an agent of change, but more than subverting mere toxic masculinity, this show subverts toxic divinity.
Practicing magic
Ted Lasso and Greek myth conjure a world of post-patriarchal archetypes, in which the characters work through their issues more than they act them out. It’s a femme-friendly, sex-positive, heart-awakened world, and I’m using the word “femme” to mean everything that patriarchy typically reviles. Things like feelings. Friendship. Fashion.
It’s difficult to convey how moving it is to step into a world where the Goddess reigns. In this atmosphere, those of us who have ever been shamed, rejected, or attacked for being or liking anything that the patriarchy condemns feel shock, relief, joy, gratitude. Goddess-starvation is a real condition, and Ted Lasso is nourishment for the famished.
In the world of Ted Lasso, everyone messes up, but apologies come easily and wholeheartedly, and are received easily and wholeheartedly. These characters are more interested in relationships than in their own wounds. And this world isn’t fantasy. It might be fiction, but its miracles do not depend on aliens or technology or wizard powers. This magic is actually available every day, to everyone. The only cost is our illusions and resentments.
Every character’s issues point precisely to their areas of potential. Their strengths just got twisted up and distracted by all the usual ego fears. Take those away, create a safe space, and people flower. They mess up, own up and then they have a better chance of messing up better next time.
Wonder Abounds
So the mythological 1-liner for Ted Lasso is as follows: Hera finally dumps Zeus and then calls Hermes in to help the fractured pantheon restore itself.
Ted’s backpack is pure Hermes – ready for adventure at a moment’s notice
Through the muck and muddle of daily life, Ted Lasso and Greek myth lead us into experiences of awe — a towering goddess, a stunning win, the daring, defiant feeling of belief. Believe is Ted’s watchword, and it’s a very spiritual term. But he’s not talking about believing in nonsense or lies. He’s talking about believing in yourself, believing in others, believing that unlikely things (miracles) can and do happen.
The shock of Ted’s arrival wakes everyone out of a torpor in which they had been acting out very, very old dramas — dramas that lie at the root of cultures that derive from European traditions. If these characters can change, then so can we. If their patterns are not set in stone, then neither are ours. Ted Lasso uses Greek myth to dismantle our psychological and societal prisons.
What’s really wonderful is that we see the main characters lead with one archetype — Sovereign, Lover, Warrior, Magician — and then grow into another. They become more of themselves, more whole, more complete. Rebecca becomes Lover as well as Sovereign. Keeley becomes Sovereign (CEO) as well as Lover. Roy becomes Lover as well as Warrior. What might Ted become in addition to Magician? That’s the big question for Season 3.
The Haudenosaunee First Nations people, or Iroquois, tell a creation story that begins like this:
Sky Woman lived on Sky Island, far away on the other side of the clouds. Her husband, whose name was the Ancient, had dry, withering bones, and he grew jealous when Sky Woman became pregnant with their own child. In his anger, he uprooted the Tree of Light whose glowing flowers lit all of Sky Island, and he pushed Sky Woman through the ragged hole where the tree’s roots had grown.
Sky Woman fell through the heavens, all the way down to the primeval waters. Birds flew with her to help slow her descent, and then, in the sea, a mighty turtle caught her on his back. Muskrat brought her some dirt from the floor of the ocean, and Sky Woman danced and sang to turn that dirt into the whole world, also known as Turtle Island, where she gave birth to a daughter who would continue the process of creating the world.
Canandaigua Lake on a September morning
This story comes from a matriarchal people in a land where hypnotically green hills undulate along serpentine lakes. My mother lives in a fold of those hills, a valley where time runs strangely and a different sun shines through the clouds. Last time I visited, I asked a Haudenosaunee woman how her creation story feels different in its original language. She looked off into the distance and said, “It feels clear, and bright, and like every word is the perfect word.”
Which brings us to the news today, in which a federal judge named Brett Kavanaugh finds the foregone conclusion of his Supreme Court nomination suddenly in doubt, due to allegations against him of sexual assault. The judge is now the judged, and he doesn’t like this turn of events. He’s supposed to be the honorable one, handing down judgments from on high. But with no dais to hide behind, he acts like a drunken high school jock who can barely string slurred sentences together. He displayed his rage on live video, perjuring himself for all to see in an attempt to discredit Dr. Christine Blasey Ford’s testimony against him — trying to silence her much the way she describes her attacker doing. He sounded muddled, and dim, and like every word was the wrong word.
When the Ancient attacks Sky Woman, he destroys his own source of light. Without the goddess, he remains alone in a darkness of his own making.
But the assault also liberates Sky Woman. She is, in a sense, born through the wound in the ground of Sky Island. The trauma frees her to do creative work, dancing and singing to make the earth. Perhaps Dr. Ford was similarly born through the wound of her assault. The experience seems to have shaped her world, and, like Sky Woman’s, her story sounded clear, and bright, and like every word was the perfect word.
The Haudenosaunee people live in a world made by a goddess. They created a thriving society where women owned and inherited property. Women appointed and removed the chiefs who conducted diplomacy. I imagine those women asked themselves questions: Would this man serve his own urges, or would he serve the greater good? By answering those questions, they created their world.
Sky Woman’s story happens every day. The Ancient continues to rant and rave, and Sky Woman keeps dancing Turtle Island. In smaller ways, we all make our worlds, for ourselves and others. Sometimes choices are complicated. Sometimes they are astonishingly simple.
In Greek mythology, the goddess of spring is Persephone. The Greeks imagined her as the green miracle of rebirth, the effervescence of all melting streams, the archetypal Maiden. Daughter of Demeter and Zeus, Persephone blushes the land with warmth after winter.
Hades, however, lord of the sunless underworld, wants her for himself. Hades slinks up to Olympus to locker-room-talk it over with his brother, King Zeus, who has the unholy gall and/or stupidity and/or brain damage and/or evil to suggest that Hades should abduct Persephone when Demeter is distracted, because Demeter — herself the goddess of harvest and the fruitful earth — probably won’t understand. So Hades bides his time in the shadow-realms until Demeter steps away. Then he bursts out with a wind of corruption, his chariot opening a gash in the ground and his beady eyes squinting in the sun. He grabs Persephone and drags her back down to, as they say, make her his bride. No proposal, no planning, no celebration. This “marriage” is nothing but rape.
The Rape of Proserpina, Ulpiano Checa [Public domain], via Wikimedia CommonsBack on the surface, Demeter hears her daughter scream in the distance. Demeter’s mighty heart seems to fall in on itself, and she races over the world in a desperate search. Think of that vast anguish: the Great Mother’s Great Daughter is missing. Terror and grief threaten to split her open, like the chasm Hades left in the earth, and no one but no one dares tell her what happened. After nine days of this, Demeter begs the sun for help. The sun admits he witnessed the crime. It was Hades — the villain! — and Zeus — no, that can’t be, not her father… can it be? — but then the sun mansplains to Demeter that she should calm down and relax because Hades is a good guy. Demeter’s rage goes critical. It mushrooms white-hot. It swells, it explodes, it blisters the land with her fury.
Nothing grows. Crops shrivel. Harvests fail. People starve, stop sacrificing to the gods. This threat to Zeus’s base finally gets his attention, and he implores Demeter to calm down already. Teeth set, she declines, demanding the return of Persephone, as in yesterday. Ok, ok, says Zeus, just stop whatever this is that you’re doing. Zeus barks at Hades to release Persephone. Hades says he will, but first he gives Persephone a ruby-red pomegranate seed. That tiny shock of sweetness and tart explodes on her tongue as Hades springs his trap: she now has to spend half of the year with him underground, when the earth will feel the bite of winter.
Older men deciding the sexual fate of young women. Male oblivion to a mother’s love, to the need of all women for respect and autonomy. Indifference to the pain of victims. These themes sound so familiar because they are. They play out every day, in movies, tv, the internet, the news. Hades hovers over every act of sexual predation, from lewd comments to copping a feel to rape. Sexuality expressed as an exertion of power represents an irruption of the forces of death, an ending of innocence, a stifling of potential, and someone’s personal induction into a psychological shadow-world between life and death.
The Abduction of Persephone by Hades, Jan Peter van Baurscheit the Elder (1669-1728), Musee Royal des Beaux-Arts
As a metaphor for sexual initiation, this myth stinks. Notice how the story demands perfection from Persephone while indulging others’ loathsome behavior. Zeus can plan his own daughter’s kidnapping and rape, and Hades can carry out those crimes on his niece, but if Persephone so much as eats a pomegranate seed–well, see? she took the payoff. Maybe she had too much to drink. What was she wearing that day? Those togas are just asking for it... And here is where young women make their mental notes, consciously or subconsciously: I better be perfect, or I’m going to hell. No! Enough! So what if she ate a pomegranate seed? She hadn’t eaten anything else for days, she was locked up and assaulted by her uncle, she was in pain and barely able to sleep, too tormented by trauma and the shame of her own helplessness and not knowing what new terrors approached. Persephone owes no explanation to anyone, not for the attack and not for the pomegranate.
I know of no mythic tradition other than Greco-Roman that feels the need to portray Spring being kidnapped, raped, and held hostage by Death. Greek myth is one of the deep rivers that feed the roots of western culture. Their stories became enshrined as our stories, as surely as the ideal of democracy became our ideal. They float below the surface, in what we commonly call the subconscious mind, that vast, intricate, continual simmer that handles all your body’s squishes and rhythms, and all the skills you’ve learned so well that you no longer need to think about them: walking, talking, doing the dishes, world views, and beliefs, including all the uglies: misogyny, racism, homophobia. But subconscious patterns can change. The conscious mind can reshape the subconscious.
Patriarchy, as Hades and Zeus exemplify, targets women and children and people of color and the LGBTQ+ community and members of vilified religions in order to keep us afraid and compliant, but in the process it wounds the patriarchs, too. Demeter’s rage hurts the sky god himself. But more directly, power causes brain damage. People in power lose their capacity to empathize, to imagine into the viewpoint of others. They lose the capacity for love. No wonder so many sexual harassers simply have no idea that their “advances” are actually aggression, or that their desire for sex is not shared by their victims. Nor do they register or care about their victims’ fear. They need radical re-training in basic compassion.
Persephone, British Musuem
Incidentally, creativity thrives in a climate of trust and support, when we feel safe enough to take risks, when we don’t have to use all our energy for survival, when we’re not coerced into roles for which we have no aptitude or desire. The myth mirrors that. When Demeter and Persephone are left alone to do their thing, the world flourishes. When they fall under attack, the earth withers.
In studying Persephone, some mythologists catch echoes of a time when perhaps she ruled the underworld alone, when she reigned over the dark, mysterious realm of the dead. But how could a single goddess oversee death and new growth? Isn’t that a contradiction? Not at all. The Queen of the Underworld governs the dark depths that support all life. She guides the entire cycle. Hades makes death seem a terror, a defeat, a violent seizing, but the deeper truth of Persephone is that life is a miracle, like the coming of spring, and death is always a peaceful return, no matter its outward circumstances. Persephone simply turns the wheel. She pushes up the green shoots after winter, and she blesses the dead when they cross her threshold.
A few weeks ago, driving through the forested hills of northern Pennsylvania, I saw a bumper sticker that read, “Not Mother Earth, It Was Father God.” I almost choked on my latte.
The night before that drive, a man in Las Vegas had placed himself high in the sky with a cache of weapons and ammunition, looking down over a dancing mass of music fans through the mono-vision of a rifle scope. From that position as far as possible from Mother Earth, he rained down pain until raw red blood ran from hundreds of broken bodies. This was a country music festival. Not urban, not techno, but music of the country, music of the land. The shooter claimed dominion over the earth, as the Book of Genesis instructed him. He also lived out the western myth of male, militaristic monotheism: one and only one, high above the world, in charge of everyone, especially their deaths. A.k.a. Father God.
Queen of the Night, 2000-1900 BCE, British Musuem
The bumper sticker explicitly tried to deny the sacred nature of Earth. Mother Earth, the sticker claimed, is not divine (and therefore neither are earthly mothers, nor women). Only the father is a god (and therefore normal fathers are divine and so, by extension, are men). The sticker sought to silence, erase, and diminish Mother Earth, the better to continue Father God’s agenda of exploitation, ownership, and coercion. This is what fake news actually looks like: monstrous lies on which monsters build hollow, violent power structures. The same hollowness yawns inside Harvey Weinstein and all his ilk and inside our sexual predator president. Surely it echoed inside the Las Vegas shooter.
I hope it goes without saying that no penis is any more or less sacred than any uterus. Both channel life forces. Both represent the powers of creation and creativity. Yet the Father God thunders that no one should have any other gods before him, that no one shall see beauty in any graven images, meaning sacred statues of other divinities. No one gets attention except himself. Everyone else, according to his twisted ego, is false, wrong, nasty, bad.
In reality, however, life balances perfectly between the intertwined magic of earth’s soil and water, and the sacred sky energies of sun and air. We are equally the children of Mother Earth Goddess and Father Sky God. Neither one alone could make the family of life. Neither one takes precedence.
Mistress of the Animals holding a lion in each hand, 700 BCE – 600 BCE, British Museum
Mother Earth is true news, real news, solid news, up and down and all day long. She is an image of the fecundity and life-giving nature of Nature. She tempers the blind, racing madness of monotheism with her slow gestational transformations, her cyclical solutions, her abundance, her skill at weaving intricately complex and diverse ecosystems, and most of all her wisdom.
Gods and goddesses are not literal beings who patrol the clouds. They are citizens of the imaginal realm where they catalyze our mortal hearts and minds, helping us apprehend particular inflections of the divinity that streams into existence through all that is in every moment. The sacred cannot be reduced to any god or goddess, but all gods and goddesses show aspects of it. This can be extremely useful for living a more meaningful life, but it can be extremely dangerous when imbalances such as monotheism take over.
It wasn’t Mother Earth who gave us an obscene form of capitalism that despoils the planet and concentrates wealth in the bulging wallets of a tiny minority. That was Father God. It wasn’t Mother Earth who saddled us with technology addictions and the threat posed by artificial intelligence. That was Father God. It wasn’t Mother Earth who gave guns more rights to fire than people the right to stay alive, who grants far more money to the military than to education and healthcare combined. That, too, is Father God.
The bumper sticker had a pronounced defensive tone. Whoever attached it to their car must have felt that the old meme needed repeating, which suggests that its metaphor has weakened. That makes this a dangerous time, as the news makes plain every day, a time of spiritual crisis and transition. Unsavory characters exploit power vacuums such as this, including pussy-grabbing presidents who howl their lies on Twitter.
Cybele, mother of the gods, by Antonio Fantuzzi (1537–45), 1543, The Metropolitan Museum of Art, NY
This is a time to imagine the Goddess, to call on her, to serve her. She will outlast the hollowness of monotheism. She came into being long before it did, and she’ll still be here long after we all fade from memory’s last memory. Even the longest human life lasts only a flicker for her. We rise from her soil and from her soul, we look around in astonishment and grandiosity, then we sink back into our source.
Unquestioned myths and scriptures work on us below the surface, without our conscious awareness. We act them out blindly. But when we engage with them, when we meet them fresh and see past their hypnotic familiarity, we can change them. We can re-create them.
Genesis opens with the conceit that a lone Father God created the world and humankind. It denies, devalues, and de-legitimatizes Mother Earth from page one. But the Father God doesn’t seem up to the task of single parenting. In his fury at Adam, he spits blunt words like bullets: “For dust thou art,” the bully god sneers, “and unto dust shalt thou return.” That venom would fit neatly into a presidential tweet, in its character count, its violence, its lie, and its strategy of shaming.
The Goddess, however, might address Adam differently. Sometime when you find yourself near trees or river or ocean or hills, listen close for her quiet voice: For living earth thou art, my child. To living earth shalt thou return.
When my mythologist tribe visits town, I like to pour Chardonnay from a vineyard called True Myth. The wine goes down like nectar, a goddess adorns the label, and the name always makes us laugh, because we share the conviction that no, myth is not literally true, but yes oh yes, myth is truly true, deeply true, soul-true. In other words, myth tells lies to tell the truth. Myth reveals its truth not in the literal facts of its images, but as their meaning cloaked in metaphor.
For example, who is the goddess on the wine label? The bottle makes no overt introductions, but the prominent word “true” reminds me of Aletheia, the ancient Greek goddess of truth. Aletheia doesn’t embody only the kind of truth regarding facts and data; she also personifies disclosure or revelations. Aletheia reveals what had been hidden.
The Greeks mythologized lies, on the other hand, as the Pseudologoi, or False Words — a nasty horde born of Eris, the goddess of strife. It’s easy to imagine the Pseudologoi as stinging winged beasties, especially these days when they swarm from the mouths of the president and his apologists. But there’s also a different tale that tells of a single goddess named Pseudologos. As the story goes, when Prometheus was making Aletheia in his workshop — the same divine studio in which he fashioned humankind — Zeus summoned Prometheus away from his work. Prometheus’s ambitious assistant Dolus, whose name means trickery or deception, set about making a copy of Aletheia. The copy’s features and radiance matched Aletheia’s exactly, except that Dolus ran out clay before he could make the copy’s feet. When Prometheus came bursting back in, he stopped in his tracks, breathless at the copy’s likeness to his own work and greedy to garner the glory for creating both goddesses. He hurried them into his magic kiln, and when they came out, glowing hot from the fire of the gods, Prometheus breathed the spark of immortality into both of them. They both exhaled, and then Aletheia walked with slow, steady, measured steps, but Pseudologos could only stand still, because her legs ended in stumps.
Prometheus Creating Humankind while Athena Looks On, Louvre Museum
Have we not all faced difficulty in distinguishing truth from lies, and plagiarism from originality? Even clever Prometheus fell for the trick, and we are but muddy mortals. And notice how the blurring goes both ways: lies can seem so much like truth, and truth can seem so much like lies. Both are sculpted from the same clay. Both are equally alluring. But Pseudologos has no feet. She has no firm foundation in reality, and she cannot move on her own. She needs the aid of accomplices. Isn’t it interesting that her existence springs from an excess of ambition, in both Dolus and Prometheus?
Aletheia, on the other hand, has an independent existence. She stands on strong, supple feet. The solid earth supports her. She doesn’t back down. Careful and conscious, she neither rushes to judgment nor jumps to conclusions.
See how mythic images raise the ante on everyday metaphor? Magical, fantastic, and full of wonder, myth bursts with gods, goddesses, and creation on cosmic scales. Mythic imagery doesn’t just tell lies to tell the truth; it tells fabulous lies, huge lies, amazing lies.
Fake news works on a similar principle. It, too, tells big lies, and its lies also have some deeper meaning. For example, consider the slander that circulated about Hillary Clinton and the pizzeria during last year’s election season. The facts of the story were patently ridiculous, but the deeper meaning that many of us ignored — myself included — was that Clinton had a real image problem, and that some voters loathed her with a malicious, toxic furor. Then there is the story about Donald Trump’s visit to Russia, and the prostitutes peeing in a Moscow hotel room. The meaning of the story is that many people believe the president to be a dirty conman who treats women like commodities and is in bed with the Russians, financially and politically. But we don’t have all the evidence yet. This story might turn out to contain literal truth as well, aka true news.
Fake news scratches the age-old itch of myth — a deep desire to believe the unbelievable, to participate in magic, to thrill along with a flight of imagination. But fake news is not true myth. The truths of fake news are passing, ephemeral things, as fleeting as the headlines, and their lies are designed to manipulate.
Our slippery times speak in slippery terms: alternative facts, reality tv, infotainment, misinformation, post-truth. Each is a euphemism for the ugly fact that money-mongers lie to gain, preserve, and augment their power. Fake news is a powerful weapon in their arsenal. Fake news lies to drain us of our power. Myth lies to remind us of our power, here and now and always.
Truth, Cesare Ripa’s Iconologia (1593)Our power begins in recognizing and discerning between Aletheia and Pseudologos. Does a story arise from someone’s ambition? Who stands to to gain from it, and how? Does it stand on its own, or does it require co-conspirators? Is it a near copy of the truth but missing a crucial detail? Does the story rush itself? Does it lurch away from scrutiny and race ahead to tell more false words?
Myth tells lies to tell the truth. It can even tell lies to tell the truth about telling lies. Maybe Aletheia and Pseudologos aren’t so much two distinct beings, but two ends of a gradating spectrum. Maybe the more truth a story contains, the stronger its feet grow, the further it can stride. Maybe the more falsehood a story contains, the more its feet thin into mist and blow away.
On the True Myth wine bottle, we can’t see the goddess’s feet, but the label proclaims, Her Secret Is Patience. May Aletheia share more secrets with us. May her strength and beauty walk with us, along with her patience and wisdom.
A long, long time ago, a goddess-queen ruled a pantheon of gods and goddesses. This queen served as the divine sovereign over her land and her people. So when those people imagined rulership and divinity, they imagined a woman. Babies were born, crops grew, the moon waxed, waned, and waxed again for hundreds and then thousands of years. But one day a band of warlike invaders stormed the land, burning, killing, raping, taking, and bringing with them a stormy new king-god fond of throwing lightning around. Some say the invading king took the queen to wife by force. Others say she agreed to the marriage. No one claims the new god overthrew the goddess. She wielded too much power for that, and he knew he needed her to establish legitimacy. Maybe he found her fascinating, too. Challenging. But no one says they fell in love. King Zeus and Queen Hera simply assumed their thrones side by side, high in the thin, chilly air of Mount Olympus.
For the ancient Greeks, gods and goddesses didn’t just represent the energies of the observable world; they were those energies. Earth, ocean, sun, moon, hearth, love, law, marriage–the stories of these forces clashing, contending, consorting, and creating became what we now call a mythology. Because these figures are personified beings, their stories also illustrate personality dynamics. To the extent that these powers remain active today, Greek myth continues to open windows, onto worlds within and worlds outside. Myth taps into timelessness.
Hera’s name most likely comes from the same root as the word “hero.” She illustrates the aspect of experience whose inherent nature is rulership–a natural leader with ambition and intelligence who happens to be a woman. But soon after her marriage, Hera’s husband began chasing and raping other women all over the land. He arrogated to himself a despotic, entitled, physical dominion over her and all his subjects. In his view, a woman’s most private physical places–metaphorically her inner self, her soul–exist only to be seized by men. Naturally Hera became guarded, defensive. Not long after all this, patriarchal monotheism rose in the Hebrew and then Christian traditions and tried to depose and kill her outright. Christianity’s attacks grew particularly violent, with witch hunts, torture chambers, and burnings at stakes.
Hera embodies the aspect of experience that is a strong female subjugated, betrayed, and terrorized. She’s the aspect of experience with awareness of its own displacement and mistreatment. The aspect that has no choice but to go into hiding. The aspect that remembers her throne. The aspect that bides her time.
Hillary Rodham started out as an independent young woman–sharp, successful and full of zest, a leader at her women’s college. After law school, she married and accepted a role as a political wife, first to a governor, then to a president. But when she tried to take her place as a partner to her powerful husband, other politicians lost all composure, especially the conservative Christians. They fumed and foamed about a woman’s place and the inherent evil of healthcare for all. They whipped up their age-old witch hunt, this time using lies and conspiracy theories as pitchforks and torches. Meanwhile, Hillary’s husband proved powerless to resist his urge for nymphs and interns. Hera must have felt similar with Zeus as a husband: the public shame, the helpless rage, the isolation and loneliness, the societal judgment that she was somehow to blame for failing to make her man behave himself.
Hillary stayed married, but she distanced herself from her husband and started her own political career, as senator, as secretary of state. Now she finds herself facing off against another powerful man, this one even more like Zeus than her husband was: a thunderer who blusters about law and order, an assaulter of women, a self-promoter inordinately fond of marble palaces. Hillary’s opponent epitomizes the forces that have arrayed themselves against Hera through the ages.
It’s tempting to dismiss Donald Trump as the archetype of the pufferfish–inflated, cold-blooded, highly toxic even in small doses–but actually he draws his power from the darkest depths of the Zeus archetype. Listen to these lines from the “Homeric Hymn to Zeus,” written sometime around 600 BCE:
Zeus
who is the best
god
and the greatest
is who
I will sing…
son of
Cronus
who sees far
you’re the most
famous
of all
you’re the greatest
The best, the greatest, the most famous… It sounds exactly like recent political rallies. But the best, greatest, most famous what? Nothing. There is no substance there, not in the poem and not on reality tv. Donald and other Zeuses bring no skills to the table, only their hunger for glory, lust to dominate, bottomless greed for power and wealth. They have no access to wisdom or restraint. They rage. They hurl thunderbolts, verbal or otherwise. They serve themselves. This is why democracy rose, because everyone recognized the perils of kingship. And where did democracy first show up? Ancient Greece, in the time of Zeus.
It’s as though Hera stands behind Hillary and Zeus stands behind Donald. These two forces face off yet again. Hera is grim, determined, knowing what she’s up against. She knows the hatred of her opponents. She knows the bizarrely higher standard she’s held to than are the bozos around her. But she has prepared. She studied the law. She practiced the crafts of planning, organizing, governing. Her feet are planted for battle, but she also glows, newly beautiful in her maturity.
Myth changed with the arrival of Zeus. It changed with the rise of Christianity, the Enlightenment, the Internet. Myth taps into timelessness, but it also rides the currents of change. It shifts and shimmies to reflect what endures and what evolves.
When a goddess is wounded and closes her heart, that’s when blight happens. But when a goddess is glad and opens her heart, well, prepare for flourishing, blooming, blossoming. The psychological sequence goes: see her, love her, be loved in return.
CC BY-NC-ND 2.0 Not that Hillary Clinton is a goddess. She is a mortal person with flaws, wounds, and complexities. But the image of a Hillary Clinton presidency is an archetypal upset, a tectonic shift in what American democracy believes to be possible. It means that thinking of leadership can mean thinking of a woman. Try saying it: Madam President. Now open up to the smallest bit of affection for her, the tiniest dram of liking, the same way you can like a man who has flaws, wounds, and complexities. Feel that ripple in the air at your back? That’s Hera standing straighter, stronger, more sure of herself, with a glint in her eye from the light held aloft by her young friend in the New York harbor.
Once upon a time, King Pentheus of the Greek city of Thebes worked himself into a froth, because a new god named Dionysus had called the city’s women into the hills for drinking, dancing, and love-making. Pentheus could not abide this, especially the female revelers.
“When women get to celebrate with gleaming wine,” he fumed, “there’s a ritual that’s gone rotten.” He jailed all the truant wives he could find, swore to hunt down the others, to “capture them in iron traps,” then to sell them or enslave them himself. But first he felt oddly compelled to find a stranger who had arrived in town, a man with flowing, perfumed, golden curls and “rosy, wine-flushed cheeks.”
The thought of this effeminate stranger filled Pentheus with rage. He had to find him, would find him, did find him. He handcuffed and interrogated the stranger, then, shaken by the stranger’s uncanny replies and otherworldly gaze, threw him in the palace jail. But the stranger was Dionysus in disguise. And Dionysus is the life force personified, along with all his women — his maenad companions. Pentheus, in his fury, forcibly suppressed the life force. He tried to contain, control, and silence that elemental power.
This story is 2400 years old, written by Euripides in a play called The Bacchae, but Pentheus still stalks among us. He goes by different names these days, but lately his face has been all over the news:
On June 2, Judge Aaron Persky and a rapist named Brock Turner colluded in a Penthean attempt to silence a woman known as Emily Doe who had indulged in Dionysian drink and dancing. A jury convicted Turner on three felony accounts for assaulting Emily while she was unconscious — he seized control over her helpless body — but the judge sentenced Turner to only six months in jail.
On June 10, Kevin James Loibl equipped himself with two handguns, a hunting knife, and two extra magazines of ammunition to kill the unarmed, twenty-two year-old singer Christina Grimmie. Grimmie’s voice sounded like Burgundy wine before Loibl silenced her.
On June 12, Omar Mateen, armed with an assault rifle and a handgun, slaughtered 49 people at the LGBTQ nightclub Pulse, which is basically a temple to Dionysus. Mateen stilled those dancing bodies.
On June 16, Thomas Mair shot and stabbed to death Jo Cox, a 41-year-old, unarmed British MP who had stepped out into the world, into the halls of Parliament, where she wore a bright red maenad dress and raised her voice in support of refugees and of Britain remaining in the EU.
Pentheus Being Torn by Maenads, By WolfgangRieger [Public domain], via Wikimedia CommonsSee how easy it is to put these events into a nice, neat list? As though each crime were just-the-facts-ma’am, and not a nexus of collective heartbreak radiating out from the scenes of violence. After the news about Jo Cox, I reached a point of numbness, right in the center of my chest. I couldn’t process more pain, I couldn’t feel, not so soon on the heels of Pulse. So much brutality, targeted at so many beautiful, defenseless people. These victims defied repressive rules that dictate proper behavior, so Pentheus attacked them. He controlled their aliveness by ending it.
The life force will not stand for this. The life force demands to live. It demands connection, expression, release. Back in Thebes, Dionysus wasn’t in prison for five minutes before an earthquake shook the palace down and lightning struck, burning all the timbers. Dionysus strode out untouched, stepping easily over the rubble and through the smoke, summoning the women back to his side.
The spirit of Dionysus also broke out of jail when Emily Doe released her victim statement from the trial. Her life force burst free in her evocative words, and America roared in outrage. Dionysus escaped when tributes to Christina Grimmie flooded the internet, and her voice reached millions who might not otherwise have heard her. Dionysus roared after the tragedy at Pulse, when Democrats in the Senate lifted their voices in a 14-hour filibuster and then those in House staged an overnight sit-in, demanding sanity in gun regulations.
Dionysus shook the UK after Jo Cox’s murder, too. But Pentheus marched back, goose-stepping across Britain and bellowing lies about independence and refugees. Really he wanted independence from refugees, freedom from having to help people in need. Pentheus scorns interdependence. He got his way, for now. Britain voted for rigid borders, for going it alone, for severing a life-giving connection.
In the story, Pentheus thinks that the life force he wants to kill is outside himself, outside his whole city. In reality, Dionysus is within the city walls, within the palace, within Pentheus himself, even though Pentheus savagely represses his own capacity for connection and expression. He is terrified of and disconnected from his own life force. His aggression is his self-hatred. And sure enough, his violence boomerangs right back home.
Bacchus, by Hendrick Goltzius, Metropolitan Museum of Art
After Dionysus left the jail, he lured the king to the forest to spy on the women’s revels. The women ripped Pentheus limb from limb, then they tore his limbs to shreds. He got his wish for disconnection. The maenads disconnected him, part by part by part.
It’s a chilling end to a chilling tale, like the headline news this month. Pentheus is what happens when anyone acts out their fear, fury, frustration. Dionysus, on the other hand, stands ready to assist with the creative expression of those big feelings, or to help come up with innovative ideas for changing the situation. Emily, Christina, everyone at Pulse, and Jo all demonstrate how to express and address feelings, rather than act them out.
Dionysus is the life force personified. The life force creates. Pentheus is fear. Fear blocks, stops, controls, contains. As surely as Dionysus lives within us all, so does the tyrant king. May the maenads do their grisly work every time he rises.
Tonight Stephanie and I were moaning about how busy the next month and a half will be, and as we talked, we asked the tarot cards what they thought of the busy schedules. I was particularly keen to get their opinion on a new writing project I wanted to start even though I had no idea where to find the time. The cards cleared their collective throat, then said:
From the Awakening Aeon Tarot Deck, by Marcia O'Hara, AwakeningAeon.comTalk about loud and clear! Fortune muses, “Yeah, this could be cool.” Death chimes in, “But something’s got to give, you have to let something go if you’re going to make room for a new project. You’ve got to shed the outworn skin in order to grow.” The Oracle Within: “Fill pages, fill pages, fill pages. See how I’m a full page? Do like that.” Ok. Right. Yes. I get it. Thank you, cards!
So something had to give. I immediately thought of Facebook, and the time I spend every day scrolling through that endless distraction. I thought of the new journal I bought for the project. A scheme formed all at once: I’ll give up Facebook for 40 days, and in the first hour of each of those days, I’ll freewrite for the project in the new journal. After 40 days of writing, or a full journal, whichever comes first, I’ll go back to Facebook. Lent started this week anyway, right? The project begins sort of around Lent, and ends sort of around Easter.
February 12: Day 1
This morning, chatting with Adrianna, I mentioned that today is my first day of a Facebook fast. She said, “Mm-hmm… wait, what?? Did you say Facebook fast? Oh my God, you just blew my mind!” I told her I’d woken up in the middle of the night and reached for my phone before remembering. She gasped and said, “What did you do??”
“I put the phone back down.”
“And then what??”
“I just lay there.”
She gave another gasp, shuddery and shivery, like at the end of a spooky story.
February 13: Day 2
Impulse: Reach for the phone.
Response: Pull your hand back.
February 14: Day 3
Wahh! I feel lost, lonely, cut off — but cut off from what? From voyeuristic eavesdropping, from the desperate hope for a puppy video.
It’s like I hauled myself up out of a river — maybe the River of Time — exhausted, soaking wet, panting in a heap on the bank. And isn’t time one of Facebook’s main metaphors? Facebook generates a time-line for each “user”– meaning each addict, each of us junkies. A Facebook addiction feeds a larger addiction to the conceit of time. And I do mean “feeds.” Facebook provides everyone their very own feed — but what’s the food? Distraction, diversion, outrage. Am I not calling this a Facebook fast?
But still, wah!
February 15: Day 4
Facebook who? It’s fading. Feels less like a fast and more like waking up.
February 16: Day 5
When I pick up my phone to call or text someone, my thumb still feels the muscle-impulse to press the Facebook icon. I only feel cut off anymore when other people in the room pore over their phones and I sit there, twiddling my idle thumbs and watching everyone else having their out-of-body experiences.
Narcissus by @dancretuBecause that’s what it does: it pulls your life energy out of your body through your eyeballs and holds it hostage in the 2-D world of The Screen. There’s a shrinking of awareness, a confining, a narrowing of the horizon down to the size of the responses made possible by whatever the interface allows — Like, Share, Type Something Here.
Facebook is a modern-day deity, a member of the tyrannical pantheon of social media gods and goddesses. Instagram, Twitter, Pinterest, all the billions of dating sites, they all feed (that word again) off the attention of their acolytes. They reward that attention by bestowing attention — the more active you are, the more people see your activity. The currency of the exchange is attention. If that’s what we value, ok, that’s what we value. Is that what we value?
Like all gods and tyrants, the media deities are best approached with alert awareness. They misbehave when their privileges go unchecked.
Like all gods and tyrants, they can be deposed.
March 5: Day 23
There’s more space. The horizon extends further, in every one of those three-hundred-and-sixty degrees. Is Facebook a horizon blocker? It’s certainly a drain. It siphons energy I could use for other purposes.
Instead of looking at Facebook in the middle of the night when I wake up, I’ve started texting myself thoughts, notes, ideas. In the morning I read them and think, “Where on earth did that come from?”
March 29: Day 47
One more day to go. Three empty pages left in the journal. They will fill tomorrow morning. I didn’t write every day, but as of tomorrow, I’ll have written for 40 of the last 48 days. Not that the project is done. It’s a journal full of raw material. Soon it will be time to find out what it would like to become next.
March 30: Day 48
I broke the fast today. Facebook Breakfast, I guess. I knew I had to do it, in order to post an announcement for the Luna Review, but I kept putting it off. In the morning, I thought, “I’ll wait until the afternoon.” After lunch, I thought, “Just a few more minutes.” Finally, in mid-afternoon, I opened a tab on my browser. I typed an f. Autofill took care of the rest of the URL. I posted the announcement I needed to, looked around for maybe five minutes, and closed the tab. It felt oddly boring after all this time. Anticlimactic.
March 31
Last night I woke up in the middle of the night, too sleepy to get up but too awake to sleep. I picked up my phone. 3:17 AM. I glanced at email then thought, “Hey, I’m allowed to look at Facebook again.” My thumb was already moving toward the icon as the idea rolled around, but then I stopped. All at once, all in a rush, I realized what had really changed in the last month and a half.
In the past, unwelcome visitors like anxiety and hypochondria had often haunted my middle-of-the-night wake-ups. But since the Facebook fast, my nights had become quieter, more spacious, more peaceful. They had become the place where I text myself ideas whispered by the sparkling dark, the stillness where I can watch Michael, my bbf (beloved boyfriend), sleeping in the dim light like an archangel at rest. With my thumb hovering over the Facebook icon, I knew I was about to give up that magic. I was about to give my nights back to the low-level madness of the feed. I set the phone down.
The dark blue body of the Egyptian goddess Nut (pronounced noot) arches over the world, feet on one side of the horizon and hands on the other. Her skin is covered with stars. Then there are the Norse goddess Nott and the Greek goddess Nyx, both of whose names mean “night.” Both dress in black, both ride across the starry night sky, drawn in a black chariot or on the back of a magnificent black horse. To imagine any of them is to imagine night as Night, a being whose quiet, dark company can refresh and restore. They dilate the pupils, widening the eyes the better to admit wonder, starlight, and shadows.
Night goddesses don’t ask for much, but they do insist on visiting. Actually, we visit them, every evening when our zip code rolls away from the sun and out to face the reaches of space. Night holds the dark half of the planet in the palms of Her cupped hands, at all times. She’s always there as we move into, through, and out of Her domain. When in Night, we’re in all the way, and Night is all the way in us. It’s Night outside, Night in the kitchen, Night in the bedroom. Night within blood vessels, in the synapses between neurons, inside every cell membrane in all of our bodies.
Impulse: Reach for the phone.
Response: Pull your hand back.
Then What: Bask. Relax.
When I moved to Santa Barbara, one of my friends asked me if I’d like to work as a guide for her events company, shepherding groups of visitors around to various destinations. A guide? I thought. For travelers? Something gleamed at the corner of my eye, like a golden, winged sandal whizzing past. My friend continued: I’d have to beguile the visitors with stories about the area, and I’d have my phone pretty much grafted onto my hand to receive and relay last-minute changes to itineraries. I couldn’t help but think of Hermes — the guide of souls, patron of travelers, the speedy, talkative (text-)messenger of the gods. How about it? he seemed to whisper. I said, “Absolutely.”
By Michal Maňas, via Wikimedia Commons
So I’ve been playing mother duck, leading visiting executives around. Hermes relishes hanging out with all that money. He’s the god of commerce and thieves, after all, and his sandals and caduceus are made of gold. I love how the two serpents climb that winged wand, moving together, moving apart, moving together, moving apart, always in perfect synchrony. They rise in tandem as though lifting each other. Serpents symbolize fear, but also wisdom and rebirth. In the caduceus, they transcend their limitations; they rise up off the ground toward the golden wings. An image of evolution, they even look like the double helix of DNA. But they climb the magic wand of a god, so they also suggest the dazzling surprise of psychological and spiritual growth. Soul evolution. And their image has a unique form of gender fluidity — phallic, but also sinuous and circular. They side-slip all attempts to label them as masculine or feminine. Their relationship is a relationship of two, that’s all the image says.
Anyway, one night last week, after I guided a board of directors during the day, another friend asked me to go with her to get her first tattoo. I picked her up and drove her to an ink den straight out of central casting: everything in black and red, unshaven but heavily tattooed personnel, a gluey residue coating the binders of clip art. The tattooist scheduled to draw on my friend hadn’t shown up because someone else who worked there died that day. They assigned another tattooist to my friend, a gentleman of maybe 60 wearing an Iron Maiden t-shirt and coke-bottle glasses with thick black rims. He injected ink (subcutaneously) into my friend’s foot (the lowest part of her body) until a dragon appeared there (a creature that inhabits caves and underground lairs). Down, down, down I went, from the luxurious realm of CEOs, into the earthen underworld. Meanwhile three other tattooists sat in a circle talking about their dead colleague, tallying up the many people they knew or knew of who died from combining Xanax and alcohol. Beside them lay a giant black dog, part Great Dane, part elephant, all black, all the way. I almost called him Cerberus.
Hermes, by the way, is the only Olympian authorized to visit the underworld. He guides souls around the earthly plane, sure, but more importantly he leads them to the kingdom of Persephone and Hades when it’s time to make that journey.
Once, maybe a year ago, I attended a writing group where we did a free-writing exercise about a childhood memory. I wrote about my old imaginary friends, and one of the other participants, a woman in her late sixties or early seventies, said, “That reminds me of my daughter’s imaginary friend, who only showed up when she was seven years old and in the hospital. She said his name was Hermy, and he came over to her room from the cemetery across the street.” I said, “Wow, that makes me think of the Greek god Hermes, the guide of souls.” The woman blinked at me, startled.
After the meeting she chased me down outside and spoke urgently, in an undertone: “Hermy stayed with her all the way until the end. She died the next year. She was eight.” She insisted that her daughter had no access to Greek mythology, would have had no possible way of reading or hearing about it.
Antonio da Correggio, Mercury in “The Education of Eros” [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons
Coincidence? If so, it’s a coincidence drenched with meaning. Maybe there’s a logical, linear, cause-and-effect explanation for a little girl’s imagination providing her with a friend and helper named Hermy, from a graveyard, at that time in her short life, and for her mother finding out decades later that the image of this friend has resonance far beyond her family’s experience. Meanwhile the woman wanted to know everything everything everything about Hermes. I told her what little I knew at the time, but it felt hopelessly inadequate. I couldn’t tell her what she wanted to hear: that her daughter was all right, that the girl lived on, that Hermy/Hermes had somehow made everything ok.
Now I know that, in addition to moving with ease to and from the underworld, Hermes also guides the way to growth, change, relationship building. He’s funny and fun, he loves tricks, and, being the messenger of the gods, he carries divine meaning and inspiration. He offers the gift of seeing the world with sparkle, with fresh eyes. To him, souls are as equal as they are unique. He accompanies CEOs around in their private jets, tattoo artists on the way to funerals, children across the great divide, perhaps entertaining them along the way with magic tricks. If I could talk to that woman today, I would tell her that I can’t think of a better friend for a little girl stuck in a hospital room, nor any better traveling companion.
When the Greek god Hephaestus learned that Aphrodite, his wife, was having an affair, he forged a magic, invisible net in his sacred smithy. He set the trap over his own marriage bed then pretended to leave town. Aphrodite and her lover Ares dove between the silken sheets. The net fell, held them fast, then Hephaestus burst back in with a seismic, “Gotcha!”
He bellowed for the rest of the Olympians to come witness this travesty. The goddesses declined, giving a self-righteous roll of their ravishing eyes. The gods, on the other hand, dropped everything to race over to Hephaestus’s palace and laugh at the beautiful lovers caught in that glittering net.
You see where we’re going. Angry hackers, crafty as Hephaestus, snared 36 million adultery accounts from a site called Ashley Madison, then bellowed for everyone to look at the evidence. They cheated the cheaters, on a scale grand enough to gratify the gods. 36 million accounts, from all over the world. 36 million human beings. 36 million stories. 36 million situations — cries for help, bids for a thrill, boredoms, yearnings, reachings-out in a way that seemed safe. Now there are 36 million reputations at stake. 36 million broken hearts. 36 million families.
What an archetypal mess.
But where there’s an archetypal mess, there’s an archetypal message, right? In this case I’m sure there are 36 million of them.
Aphrodite, the embodiment of Love, never wanted Hephaestus. He tricked her into marrying him through a separate ruse, to which she agreed because she thought it meant marriage to Ares. Hephastus wanted her for his own and no one else’s, regardless of her desires. Love cannot abide such lovelessness. After the episode of the net, Aphrodite and Hephaestus broke up, leaving her and Ares free to see each other as much as they wish. Which they do to this day.
The myth gives us an image of one partner treating the other like a possession, demanding fidelity on principle alone. Love — aka Aphrodite — considers this preposterous. Love knows that love comes first. Love means first and foremost loving the beloved, second and second-most wanting the beloved. If Hephaestus loved Aphrodite, he would not have married her, much less expected fidelity, because he knew she wanted Ares. Ares, by the way, never makes petulant demands. He’s too busy going watery in his magnificent knees every time he sniffs her skin, swooning in dizzy joy at her voice, staggering around in a dazed kind of gratitude that she exists at all.
The word “fidelity” comes from a Latin word for faith. And doesn’t the massive manifestation of infidelity encoded in the Ashley Madison data create a massive loss of faith on the part of all those betrayed partners? Acting faithlessly destroys faith. But I’ll venture a guess that some of that faith may have been placed in monogamy as a God-sanctioned prerequisite for love. I know I was trained to believe that, but according to Ginette Paris — an author, therapist, and one of my teachers — we have it precisely backward:
“It is quite a natural thing for satisfied lovers to be faithful to one another, without resentment…. This kind of fidelity cannot be promised, it can only exist and one notices it after the fact, a posteriori. When faithfulness is mixed up with control the confusion fogs the transparency of the relationship even more than unfaithfulness. It moves love into the territory of control and kills desire.” — Ginette Paris, “Marriage, Intimacy and Freedom”
In other words, faithfulness, when it happens, arises from mutual love. This fidelity wells from the deepest springs: faith in each others’ beauty, dreams, talents, being, humor, sorrow, struggles, triumphs. Each partner sees and believes in the other’s true self. We’re talking about soul fidelity — a holy, mystical depth of love that turns Aphrodite on like no amount of walking the beach or snuggling beside a roaring fire.
Ashley Madison profits from people seeking more than they have. Its users hunger for Love, and the site’s marketing team crafts a message that seems to offer exactly that. The names even sound similar, with the initial short “a” and the two strong stresses: APH-ro-DI-te, ASH-ley-MAD-ison. Now those customers might find themselves in embarrassing or dangerous situations, but maybe some of them actually had an Aphroditic experience. Who knows.
The forces at play in the myth are still at play today. Call them by other names, castigate them with moral codes, they will not be denied. So it’s comforting that Hephaestus moved on and dealt with his relationship issues. Eventually he married Aglaia, the Goddess of Glory and one of the three Graces. Theirs is a vital and, yes, faithful partnership. They have a bunch of beautiful daughters. Everyone agrees that no matter how painful it was, he had to cast that glittering net. Look at him now, building swing sets and jungle gyms, raising a new generation of goddesses. He never could have done that with Aphrodite. She approaches child rearing in a completely different way. Just ask Eros and Psyche.
One of our nation’s most iconic young male athletes grew up and felt an inner imperative — perhaps a calling — to become a woman in the eyes of society. So he did. He transformed into she, now the nation’s most iconic transgender woman. As part of her debut, she posed for a photo shoot wearing a knockout of a spangly golden gown. Had she attended a ball in that dress, she surely would have lost one of her shoes on the way out.
Caitlyn Jenner’s version of the Cinderella story, like all the others, works with the motif of womanly beauty emerging from a situation where it was not allowed to shine. Hundreds if not thousands of variants of this tale appear around the world. Hers has a particular fascination, though. As a muscle-bound youth, Bruce dominated the Olympic Decathlon then waved the flag in triumph, a uniquely American version of the powerful young male. He showed us how we saw ourselves. Now, from the flat screens of reality tv, Caitlyn steps forward as a uniquely powerful American female. She shows us how we see ourselves today.
Remember how incredibly beefcake Bruce was? He ran fast and he ran far, he jumped like crazy. He hurled beastly heavy things then roared with exultation. He demonstrated all the attributes of a superb foot soldier. In winning gold for the United States, he wore our national image of Ares, the Greek god of war. He let us imagine ourselves as the world’s greatest, strongest, fastest, best. His muscle was our might. At the same time, his youth was our immaturity. His soul roiled with secret misery. So did ours.
Imagine for a moment that you are the repressed energy / force of nature whom many call The Goddess. Let’s say you fume at the way you’ve been treated by jock jerks like Bruce Jenner over the millennia. You finally say, Enough, casting your divine glance around for someone to carry your message. What more perfect emissary could you find than Caitlyn? Who could embody a more potent image of your beauty and power than she who had once been the greatest male athlete in the world?
At sixty-five, the traditional age of retirement, Bruce withdrew so Caitlyn could emerge. With glamorous dresses, flawless hair, and brilliant make-up, she stepped perfectly and precisely into a mature image of Aphrodite. The Greek goddess of love and beauty, incidentally, took Ares as a lover. As Ares, Bruce waved the American flag. So did we. As Aphrodite, Caitlyn embodies beauty, authenticity, complexity. So can we.
The story also shows an image of a woman with decades of lived experience as a male athlete. Caitlyn carries that in her muscle memory, all the more powerfully because of the power of those muscles. She walks with the bodily knowledge of life and sex and sports as a champion man in the eyes of society. She now gathers into those same muscles the experience of being a woman in the eyes of society. Because of that, she lives and breathes the union of opposites. She joins Cinderella and Prince Charming within herself. She is Aphrodite and Ares, both at once. The Goddess and her Consort. Caitlyn offers us an image of soul totality, of wholeness. If her soul can do that, ours can too.
In that way her story might help move us past dualistic thinking. Sometimes we look around at this fabulous world, and we purse our lips and say, But is this good or is it bad? Is it light or is it dark? Male or female? Godly or infernal? Those are dualisms. Sometimes, on the other hand, we look around at this fabulous world and say, Wow, the Sky! Wow, the Ocean! Wow, Mountains! Wow, the Sun, the Moon, and the Stars! Wow, People! Love! War! Language! Everything is all just so amazing! This way sees the world as deeply, fundamentally sexy, hopelessly charged with charm and allure.
Monotheism tends toward the first way of thinking, polytheism toward the second. Monotheism loves to judge judge judge, to assign what it deems good-light-male-godly a place in heaven, to reject everything bad-dark-female-infernal and cast it down to hell. Monotheism banishes the sexiness of the world. For anyone associated with banished aspects, this state of affairs constitutes ongoing anguish, and depression so deep that it seems to try to reach down into the underworld and bring back all those lost elements of soul.
Cinderella stories imagine the soul emerging from that underworld and shining in its own authenticity. They celebrate the beauty of the true self finding its place in the world. Caitlyn Jenner seems to be doing exactly that. She transformed Olympic gold into a golden dress. She acts as an agent of The Goddess. In that capacity, she advocates for the rights and respect due to the transgender community, and for the inner lives of everyone. Her Goddess messages have to do with authenticity, the fluidity of external identity, our vast possibilities for transformation, and polytheistic acceptance and joy rather than monotheistic judgment. She presents us each with the ultimate mythological questions: What is your authenticity? What does your soul want to express? What transformations of body and consciousness would you embark upon, given that you, like Caitlyn, have the strength of the warrior and the courage of the lover?